Ask the expert: Dr. Previs on how to talk to your healthcare provider about menopause

Menopause is a significant milestone in a woman’s life when the ovaries cease to release eggs and menstrual periods end. This transition doesn’t happen overnight, and most women undergo several years of gradual changes in their menstrual cycle before reaching menopause, a phase known as perimenopause. During this time, fluctuating hormone levels can lead to a range of symptoms, such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings and sleep disturbances.
 

Menopause is a normal biological process, but the changes each woman experiences can vary widely. Some women have minimal symptoms, and others may encounter more significant challenges. While each woman’s menopause journey will look different, many share a common feeling of self-doubt. According to research conducted by Ovia Health, 85% of women say they don’t feel like they know enough about menopause, and 59% feel less than confident managing perimenopausal or menopausal symptoms.
 

Fortunately, there are various strategies and treatments available to help manage menopause symptoms and support your overall health during this time.
 

As you journey through menopause, understanding what to expect and how to manage changes can make a big difference. If you have more questions or need personalized advice, your healthcare provider can offer guidance tailored to your specific needs through this natural transition.
 

To help you navigate conversations about menopause with your healthcare provider, we chatted with Dr. Rebecca Previs, MD, MS, director of medical affairs at Labcorp Oncology. Dr. Previs is a board-certified gynecologic oncologist and obstetrician/gynecologist with extensive experience in women's health. Discover her tips for discussing menopause with your healthcare team.

When should women start the conversation with their provider about menopause?

It's beneficial to start discussing menopause with your provider as you approach your mid-40s. Menopause doesn’t happen suddenly; it is preceded by a transitional period known as perimenopause, which can last several years. During this time, you may notice changes in your menstrual cycle, along with symptoms like hot flashes and sleep disturbances. By bringing up these changes with your healthcare provider early, you can gain insight and begin managing any symptoms that may arise. Addressing any issues proactively allows for personalized care and better preparation for the transition ahead.

What questions should women ask their provider about menopause?

When discussing menopause with your healthcare provider, it’s important to cover several key areas:
 

• What are the typical symptoms of menopause, and how can I manage them? Understanding what to expect can help you feel more prepared and less anxious about the changes
  
• Are there any specific tests I need to determine if I am in perimenopause or menopause? Although diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms and age, some tests may be necessary in certain situations (e.g., if menopause begins at an atypical age, or if a woman’s medical history affects her menopause symptoms)
  
• What treatment options are available for managing menopausal symptoms? Each woman has a unique journey during this transition. Not all women require treatment for menopause. For women who need additional support, you can explore both hormonal and non-hormonal treatments to find what might work best for you
  
• How will menopause affect my long-term health? It’s important to discuss how menopause might influence other aspects of your health, such as bone density and cardiovascular risk
  
• What lifestyle changes or preventive measures should I consider? Your provider can offer advice on diet, exercise and other lifestyle adjustments that can help manage symptoms and maintain overall health

Tip: Labcorp’s OnDemand Menopause Test measures key hormones related to normal reproductive functioning and menopause. This all-in-one test empowers you to understand your symptoms and have more informed conversations with your provider.

What are other health risks associated with menopause?

Menopause is associated with several health risks due to the decline in estrogen levels. One significant concern is bone health, as decreased estrogen can lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis, making bones more fragile and prone to fractures.
 

Cardiovascular health is another area of concern, as the risk of heart disease can increase after menopause. Many women also experience weight gain and metabolic changes during this period. Addressing these risks involves regular check-ups and adopting lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet and regular exercise, including strengthening exercises, to support bone density and cardiovascular health.
 

What other health screenings should be considered for those going through menopause?

During menopause, it’s important to stay on top of various health screenings to monitor and maintain your overall health, including:
 

• Bone density testing: This is recommended to assess bone health and determine the risk of osteoporosis, especially if you have other risk factors

• Mammograms: Regular mammograms are crucial for breast cancer screening. The frequency may depend on your personal and family history

• Pap smears and HPV testing: Continue regular pap smears as recommended to screen for cervical cancer, even after menopause

• Cardiovascular health assessments: Regular checks of blood pressure, cholesterol levels and other cardiovascular risk factors are important
   

Keeping up with these screenings helps you address potential health concerns before they become significant issues. 

Tip: Learn how the Ovia app can help you track your cycle and symptoms with ease.

How can lifestyle changes help manage menopause symptoms?

In addition to medical treatments, certain lifestyle changes can significantly impact how you experience menopause. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins can help manage weight and support overall health. Regular physical activity—such as walking, swimming or strength training—can improve mood and alleviate symptoms like hot flashes. Practices like mindfulness, yoga and stress management techniques can also be beneficial for managing stress and improving sleep quality. Making these adjustments can enhance your quality of life during menopause.
 

What are the treatment options for vaginal dryness and sexual discomfort during menopause?

Vaginal dryness is a common issue during menopause that can lead to discomfort during sex. Over-the-counter lubricants can provide temporary relief, but for more persistent problems, vaginal estrogen therapy is often effective. This treatment comes in forms such as creams, tablets or rings and targets the local tissues without affecting the whole body. It’s important to discuss these symptoms with your provider to find an appropriate and effective treatment that can improve your comfort and sexual health.
 

How does menopause affect mental health, and what can be done about it?

Menopause can impact mental health, leading to mood swings, anxiety or depression. The hormonal changes during this period can contribute to these symptoms. It’s crucial to address mental health concerns openly with your healthcare provider. Treatments may include therapy, support groups or medication. Additionally, self-care strategies such as regular exercise, a healthy diet and adequate sleep can support mental well-being. If you have a history of mental health issues, it’s especially important to discuss this with your provider to ensure appropriate support.
 

Are there any benefits to hormone therapy, and what are the risks?

Hormone therapy is a treatment option that can be very effective for managing menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats. It involves taking estrogen or a combination of estrogen and progestin. However, it’s important to weigh the benefits against the risks. While hormonal therapy can alleviate many symptoms, it may also have potential risks, such as an increased risk of blood clots, stroke or certain types of cancer, depending on individual health factors. Your provider can help you understand these risks and benefits and determine whether hormonal therapy is a suitable option for you.
 

How does menopause affect sleep, and what strategies can help?

Sleep disturbances are a common issue during menopause, often related to symptoms like night sweats or anxiety. Establishing a consistent sleep routine, creating a comfortable sleep environment and using techniques such as relaxation exercises can help improve sleep quality. If sleep issues persist, it might be helpful to discuss them with your healthcare provider, who can offer additional strategies or treatments to address these concerns.
 

Menopause: a new phase

Menopause marks a new phase in life, filled with both challenges and opportunities for self-care. By staying informed and engaged with your healthcare provider, you can navigate this transition with confidence and maintain a healthy, fulfilling lifestyle. If you have further questions or need personalized guidance, don’t hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider for support.